The galaxy cluster is so distant that the light we see today was emitted 3.5 billion years ago — about the time that life first originated on Earth.
Women in visible leadership positions are subject to personal attacks as less competent and reliable than their male colleagues. Acknowledging this double standard is the first step in addressing it.
Using highly-sophisticated computer simulations, researchers have re-created what happens inside gigantic clouds of concentrated gases known to give rise to clusters of stars that are bound together by gravity.